Rotary cutter.



J. ERLANDSEN.

ROTARY GUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 21, 1907.

' Patented June '7, 1910,

` SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' )7n/anton J. ERLANDSEN.

ROTARY GUTTER.

APPLIOATION FILED DEC,21, 1907. 960,526.. Patented June 7,1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Y rVWZZn @isses Inventor.

J. ERLANDSEN.

ROTARY CUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 21, 1907.

Patented June 7, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

/74/ wen tol? mhesses.- dwf/n dM/l/ @N JULIUS EBIJANDSEN, 'OF NEW YORK,N. Y.

ROTARY CUTT-ER.

To all whom 'itfma'y concer'mv Be it known thatA I, J ULUs ERLANDSEN, acitizen of the United States,'residing in the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Rotary Cutters,as set forth 4inthe following specication.

'Ifhe improvements relate to such rotary cutters' as taps, reamers,milling cutters or other similar tools having generally longitudinalcutting edges, and the objects of 'the improvements are First, toproduce a rotary cutter having nicked cutting edges, by the use of aneco- "nomical,..practical and ellicient method for forming such nicks,with cutting clearance operation o'f the cutter. V The contour of-anygiven, in one operation, to both sides of the nicks, and thereby'e'ecting a saving of power required to operate the cutter; owing to thelittle metal it is necessary to remove in `order to 'form' the desirednicks, the corners on the cutting edges, caused by such.

nicking, are well supported by the surrounding metal to overcomethestrains and to` absorb the heat due to the oeration of the cutter. Thenicks lso forme will maintain their form and advantages unim airedthrough repeated grinding and remil ing of the teeth.

Second, to produce a rotarycutter having means for lubrication, from aninterior passage or chamber, whereby` both the cooling the teeth; in itsoutward flow, .the lubricating or cooling medium absorbs the heat gen-'erated by the operation of 'the cutter and re duces to a minimum theexpansion and'd'istortion due to such heat; it is then discharged, wheremost required, at the cutting edges of the tool, in inarkedcontrast withpresent methods of applying lubricants. Be-

cause of its low from the center the lubri? cant is eii'ective indislodgin chips from the channels'between the teeth o the cutter.v By"facilitating the admission of heated gases to the heavy portions of thecutter, the lubricatingpassages promote the uniform heating of the toolfor hardening, and they also favor the ,withdrawal of heat from the sameportions during immersion ofthe tool in the hardening bath, therebylessening the danger of rupture during this critical process.

Specilcation of Letters Patent. 'Appica'tionfile'd December 2,1, 1907.Serial No. 407,475.

,an adjoining channel dividin into a number of small isolate teeth whichmeenten Juin@ '2, momo.

Third, to combine `the, advantages of the passagesV and nicks,previously described, Without the expenditure of additional labor overthatrequlred to 'form the lubricating assages.. I accomplish this ybylocating the ubrlcating passages to nick4 the cutting edges.

For the better comprehension of zthe -imn provements the 'followingdescription o'f a cutter .1s given. A rotary cutter, 1n' general,comprlses a body with :projecting ridges or teeth formed by cuttingchannels, usually V shaped, in a longitudinal or spiral directionthrough the blank 'from which the cutter is 4made;these channelsserve,also, 'for'the dis'- position of the chips severed during the Aside of the channels mentioned; the working.

face is intersected, at the' roperangle, by a back-face, the two facesorming -the necesvsary cutting wedge .and their vline'of intersectionthe cutting edge o'f the tooth: the

contour is completed by the second vside of4 the channels milledvthrough the blank.' Corresponding points on each tooth are'concentricwith the axis of rotation. To nick' such 1 a cutter it is .thelpractice-to form groovesat intervals, intersecting the teeth at rightangles to the axis, extending from a channel to each tooth are Villdesigned to withstand the severe strains to which such a kcut-termay besub-u jected, especially if the grooves are of suliicient vdepth toendure repeated grindings.

There isin. general use another form of cutter known as an insertedytooth cutter `to vwhich 4the improvelnents are equally applicable. 5 i

F igure" 1 .represents "a f ace view of 'a portion of a rotary cuttershowing .nicks in the cutting edges formed by holes intersect` ing* theWorking faces of the cutter. Fig. 2

4 represents a sectional-view o a rotary cutter, taken at right anglesto the axis showing holes in the teeth which nick the cutting edges andcommunicate with the interior passage. Fig.-5 represents a face View ofa, rotary cutter having its cuttingedges nicked perpendicular to theaxis of the cutter. Fig. v

by holes whose axes recede from the working face as they a proach thecenter of the cutter: it shows t e convergent apertures in the e workingface formed'by s uch holes. Fig. 6 represents a sectional vlew of thecutter delineated by Fig; '5, such section being taken section of arotary cutter through t e working face, showing an interior ,passage anda removable plug closing the end of the pas-- sage, also the .aperturesformed in the workingface by one form'of nicking. Fig. 10 represents alon itudinal sect-ion of a rotary cutter through t e working faceshowing an interior passa e and inclined passages leading thereto; a sothe apertures formed in the working face by the inclined passages. vFig.

11 re resents an enlarged view of one of the circu ar passages formed inthe cutter. Fig. 12 represents an enlarged view of a general form ofpassage.' Fig. 13 represents a face view of an inserted tooth .cutterhaving its cutting edges nicked by holes. Fig. 14 represents a sectionalview of the cutter shown in Fig. 13, taken at right angles to the axisand indicates the holes in the inserted teeth which nick the cuttingedges. Fig. 15 represents a face view of an inserted tooth cutterhavingits cutting `edges nicked by holes which communicate with holes inthe body of the cutter leading to an interior passa e. Fig. .16represents av sectional view of t e cutter shown in Fig. 15, taken atright angles to the .axis and indicates holes in the mserted teeth whichnick the cutting edges .andcommunicate with l'an interior passage.

Fig. 17 represents an isometrical view of one of the insertible teethland shows-fthe,

holes nickin the'cuttin edge and intersect?? ingthe wor ing face', a soa portion of one edge at the bottom lremoved to serve as a' channelto'distribute the lubricant. Fig. 18 represents .al sectional view of aportion of the cutter taken on a radial plane coincident with theworking face of a tooth shown in Fi v16 -and shows an inserted toothwith ho es nicking the cutting edges, an interior passage, holes leadingfrom the interior passage and a distributin channel.

Similar letters re er `to similar parts throu hout the several views.

In t e cutter represented in Fi s. 1 and 2,

.the 'body a has a hole b adapte to receive a mandrel c upon which thecutter is mount- .edy when in' aflzey-seat il, which the.. I

key e is fitted; a chamber f, leaving a s ace I The improved methodjonicking the cut- I ting edges by forming holes z.y inthe teeth extendingfrom the cutting edge e and intersected bythe working face z g/causingapertures in this face' ,is shown inFigs. 1, 2, 9,

'v1.3 and 14'.

, Where' a. combination of nicks and lubricatin passages is "desired,this may be effecte without additional plabor over that requlred to formthelubricating passages, by locating the holes, h1, so as to extend fromthe cutting edges 21, to the chamber f1, and

to be inters'ectedy the working faces s1 y1,

'as shown in Fi 3 and 4, also at h2, Figs. 5

and 6; at ha, igs. 7.and 8; at Vh" F ig. 10 i and at 71.1 Figs. 15, 16,17 and 18.

The passages may be inclined ton the axis i of the cutter as shown at h,Fig. 10. They areJespeclally adapted to such forms of cutters Vas tapsand reamers in which the cutting ,is done principally at one end and inwhich the chips may clog. the channels 'and interfere wlth the properworking of the tool.

By using passages inclined to the axis, thelubricant,viowin outwardlythrough these passa s, It?, an into the channels, forces the lp ipsfromthe cutting portion of the teet Where a hole to be operated upon bthe cutter passes but partly through a bo y, or

is bottomed, the screw i may be removed allowingl the oilwhen thecutteris working 1n t e hole, to flow through the passa e f4 into the hole inwhich the cutter is wor ing, fill it, and -flow through the channelsbetween *the teeth -g carrying the chips with it, thus freeing the holeand cutter of chips leaving the e ges free to cut. For such work theholes, h4, nicking the cutting edges need not communicate with theinterior passage, f4, but terminate in the body of the cutter asindicated in Fig. 9.

It is not necessary that the holes which nick the cutting edges shouldbe drilled so their axes coincide with radial lines of the cutter; theymay be drilled, or otherwise formed at any angle desired as, forinstance, that shown in Fig. 6 where the axes of the holes h?, formed inthe teeth g2', diverge from the working faces as both advance 1nto ythecutter, oras in Fi 8, where the axes of the holes It", formedin theteeth g3, converge toward the working faces as both advance into thecutter. In the former instance convergent a ertures will' be formed inthe working aces, i-n the latter instance divergent openings, z'. e.,such as are relieved both circumferentially and radially, ywill l-heformed, as shown in the respective drawings. This is also true ofinserted tooth cutters, though in the drawin the holes are shownapproximately paralle of the inserted tooth. y

In Fig. 14 hole lz. in the tooth g does not pass uite to the lower edgeof the tooth, but it nic s the cutting edge and intersects the workingface thus performing all the func-- tions of the hole l1, shown in thetooth g in Fi 2.

In Fig. 16 the hole klo in the tooth 91 passes to the bottom of thetooth where it communicates with a channel j, 'running lengthwise of thebody of the cutter as shown at j, Fig. 18, from the channel holes 71,11communicate with the central passage f1". By having the channel j in thebottom of each of the grooves k which retain the inserted teeth g1,obviates any necessity of having the holes it register with the holes 7Lin order tp permit the lubricant to flow from the interior passage f1 tothe cutting edge 21. By reducing the ends of the channel j leavingsmaller openings Z at each end the lubricant flows over the projectingends of the inserted tooth glo thus cooling and clearing it of chips.This is shown more clearly in Fig. 18.

In Fig. 17 is shown an insertible tooth g12 having a portion ofthe loweredge, m, removed by chamfering to serve as a channel in caseno channel jis formed in the bottoms of the grooves k. The ends of the chainfer fm,are extended to predetermined points near the ends of the tooth g12 soas to pro-` vide reduced openings similar to those show n at Z, Fig. 18,when the tooth is inserted in the cutter.

All holes. and passages previously described may be formed at rightangles to the axis or inclined thereto, as shown at h, Fig. 9 and h5,Fig. 10. Various outlines may be given to the holes, such outlines beingimmaterial, provided the hole widens from the aperture in the workingface, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. By varying the inclination ofthe holewith regard to the Working face the apertureinay be made to Widenadaptably for a measurable distance from the cutting edge. Cylindricalholes being most economically formed and located are preferable. Wheretheir axes are properly located such holes provide the necessarylcutting clearance to the sides of the nicks without furthermanipulation. Owing to their location they do not appreciably diminishthe strength of the teeth, and the cutting corners of the nicks are wellsupported to withstand'the severe strains to which a nicked cutter issubjected: they are also better to the working face adapted to vconductfrom the cutting ed e f te the heat generated by the operation o cutter.The lubricantl in its outward flow through these holes, to thecuttingedges of the teeth, increases their efficiency, absorbs the heatgenerated by the operation of the cutter, and prevents expanslon anddistortion. Durin the hardening of the cutter these holes, 1, h2, h andh5, serve to conduct the heating medium to the thick portions of thecutter, thereby favoring the uni# form heating so essentialto properhardening; they also serve, during the chilling process, to admit thechilling Huid to the same portions, favoring a rapld withdrawal of theheat and lessening the danger of rupture during this critical process.

By the methods, of forming the passages set forth above, the cutter canbe repeatedly re-groundor sharpened, andv also re-milled, withoutremvingthe openings, or nicks in the working edges, or destroying the form ofthe passage.

Having described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by LettersPatent 1. In a rotary cutter having teeth, faces on the teeth andcutting edges at the intersection of the faces, the cutter being rovidedwith holes intersecting the said aces and nicking the cutting edges.

2. In a rotary cutter having teeth with working faces; cutting edges onsaid teeth and having holes, extending from the pe# riphery, intersectedby the planes or surfaces of the Working faces of the teeth, formingapertures in the said faces and nicks in the cuttingedges.

3. In a rotary cutter having teeth with apertured working faces, saidapertures caused by holes formed in the teeth intersecting the saidworking faces; such holes, when measured on the circumference of anyintersecting cylinder concentric with the' axis of the cutter, to widenfor a measurable distance from the aperture. Y

4. A rotary cutter having teeth .with faces and cutting edges andprovided with holes having their axes approximately parallel to one ofthe faces; apertures formed by the said holes in the faces to which theaxes are parallel; surfaces of the said holes that diverge from the saidapertures and nicks in the cutting edges formed by the said holes.

5. A rotary cutter with working .faces and cutting edges having aninterior passage adapted to supply lubricant and provided with holeswhich nick the cutting edges, aperture the Working faces and extend tothe interior passage; the sides, of the holes, which intersect theworking faces and limit the apertures therein, diverging from suchapertures, substantially as shown and described.

6. In a rotary cutter provided with holes; teeth on the cutter; workingfaces on the teeth intersecting the holes, lap'erturin the said facesand nicking'the cutting e ges; and having one or more interior passagesconnecting with the said holes and adapted to convey lubricant thereto.

7.' -A rotary cutter having an interior channel, teeth With workingfaces on the said cutter; cutting edges on the said teeth; said teethprovided with holes extending from the periphery of the cutter to thesaid interior'channel and intersected by the planes or surfaces of theWorking faces of the teeth forming apertures in the said faces and nicksin the cutting edges.

l8'. In a rotary cutter havin yteeth and rovided with holes having thelraxes with- 1n the. teeth; Working faces on the teeth.

formed approximately parallel tothe said axes and apertured by the saidholes such apertures measured on a line parallel with the axis of thecutter to be lessl than the diameter of the holes.

i 9. In a rotary cutter provided 'with circular holes; teeth on thecutter; back faces aces and nicks in the cutting edges, such v aperturesto be less in width than the diameter of the holes.

10. In a rotary cutter having' teeth pro-I vided` lwith holes;working-faces on the teeth; such holes havin the1r axes (a proximatelAparallel to an intersected Iby the said, aces; cutting edges on theteeth nicked by the said holes; channels in-the body of the cuttercommunicating with the holes in the said teeth; an interior passageadapted to supply lubricant commnmcating with the said channels.

J ULIUS ERLANDSEN.

Witnesses: l'

EDWIN R. STORM, ALFRED W. STORM. y

